Here is a list of some of the types of novel. Some novels fall under more than one type. It is possible, for example, to have an epistolary, detective, psychological, regional novel. Some techniques used in writing novels (satire, metafiction) might also be argued as their own types. This list is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather to show the variety of types.
adventure novel
allegorical novel
anti-novel
apologue
autobiographical novel
best seller or pulp fiction novel
bildungsroman or apprenticeship novel
children’s novel
Christian novel
cult or coterie novel
detective, mystery, thriller novel
dime novel
dystopian novel
epistolary novel
erotic novel
fantasy novel
Gothic novel
graphic novel
historical novel
hypertext novel
interactive novel
multicultural novel
novel of manners
novella
pastoral novel
picaresque novel
postmodern novel
prequel
proletarian novel
psychological novel
regional novel
roman a clef
roman fleuve (river novel)
romance novel
science fiction novel
sentimental novel
sequel
series novel
spy novel
utopian novel
western novel